mitosis+and+meiosis

2C: Mitosis And Meiosis

The four phases include: This process occurs in all diploid (2n) cells, except for the sex cells, which will produce gametes for reproductive purposes. The process for the production of gametes is called meiosis. > > > In the male, all four of the 1n (haploid) cells will become sperm. However, in the female, only one cell will become an egg and the rest will be polar bodies.
 * Prophase - doubling of chromosomes and organelles and centrioles visible
 * Metaphase - chromosomes line-up in the middle and spindles from centrioles connect to each chromatid (half of chromosome)
 * Anaphase - chromatids are pulled apart to separate ends, and the membrane begins to pinch off in the middle
 * Telophase - complete division of cytoplasm, and two cells are formed
 * In this process, there are seven stages:
 * Prophase I - doubling of homologous chromosomes (identical chromosomes - 2 pairs of each sister chromatids)
 * Metaphase I - lining of homologous chromosomes in the middle
 * Anaphase I - separation of homologous chromosomes to form two cells with 2n of the chromosomes
 * Telophase I - two cells - 2n of chromosome number
 * Metaphase II - lining up of chromosomes in the middle
 * Anaphase II - separation of chromosomes into chromatids (2n to 1n)
 * Telophase II - four new 1n cells

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